How do you calculate equivalent TNT?
1 ton TNT equivalent is approximately: 1.0×109 calories. 4.184×109 joules.
What is the DOT classification of ANFO?
ANFO is DOT classified 1.5D, Blasting Agent. Although not typically considered to be explosive, under certain conditions including confinement, heating, and/or the presence of contaminants, both FGAN and TGAN have the ability to detonate.
What is the purpose of the TNT equivalency model?
ABSTRACT The term “TNT Equivalence” is used throughout the explosives and related industries to compare the effects of the output of a given explosive to that of TNT.
How hot does TNT burn?
TNT melts at 80 °C (176 °F), far below the temperature at which it will spontaneously detonate, allowing it to be poured or safely combined with other explosives.
How much TNT is in a megaton?
nuclear weapon yields … contrast, is frequently expressed in megatons, each unit of which equals the explosive force of 1,000,000 tons of TNT.
What is the blast radius of TNT?
In contrast, the lethal blast radius for a car containing 455 kg of TNT is 60 meters, with a serious injury range of over 500 meters.
What is the UN number for ANFO?
Chemical Identifiers
| CAS Number | UN/NA Number | DOT Hazard Label |
|---|---|---|
| 6484-52-2 | 0331 | Explosive 1.5D |
| NIOSH Pocket Guide | International Chem Safety Card | |
| none | AMMONIUM NITRATE |
What is explosion efficiency?
The ratio of the mechanical energy released in an explosion to the heat of combustion times the flammable mass in a vapor cloud (net efficiency).
What is explosive efficiency?
Explosive efficiency is the ratio of the amount of energy released to the calculated thermochemical energy. Emulsions are highly efficient explosives, due primarily to their microscopic particle size.
Who made dynamite?
Alfred Nobel
Dynamite/Inventors
Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer, entrepreneur and business man Alfred Nobel had acquired 355 patents worldwide when he died in 1896. He invented dynamite and experimented in making synthetic rubber, leather and artificial silk among many other things.
Why is TNT so reactive?
TNT is explosive for two reasons: TNT is composed of the elements carbon, oxygen and nitrogen. When TNT explodes it forms several covalent gases: CO, CO2 and N2 that are very stable. The production of these very low energy (stable) bonds means that a great deal of energy is released.