What is msp1 gene?
The merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1) is one of the most studied vaccine candidate genes in mammalian Plasmodium spp. to have been used for investigations of epidemiology, population structures, and immunity to infections.
Where is the msp1?
MSP-1 is synthesized at the very beginning of schizogony, or asexual merozoite reproduction. The merozoite first attaches to a red blood cell using its MSP-1 complex. The MSP-1 complex targets spectrin, a complex on the internal surface of the cell membrane of a red blood cell.
What is merozoite surface antigen?
Abstract. The merozoite is the invasive form of the asexual stage of Plasmodium species. At least two polymorphic glycoproteins have been found on its surface in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. The best-characterized of these is known as merozoite surface antigen-1 (MSA1) (185–200 kDa) (Ref. 1).
What is a merozoite coat?
Abstract. The surface of extracellular merozoites of P. knowlesi is covered with a coat 15-20 nm thick, made up of clusters of filaments standing erect on the plasma membrane. Filaments have stems 2 nm thick, the peripheral ends of which are complex, branching or ending in long trailing threads.
What is the infective stage of Plasmodium falciparum in man?
The stage infective for humans is the uninucleate, lancet-shaped sporozoite (approximately 1 × 7 μm). Sporozoites are produced by sexual reproduction in the midgut of vector anopheline mosquitoes and migrate to the salivary gland.
Does malaria change surface proteins?
Scientists have found that Plasmodium falciparum parasites can rapidly change the proteins on the surface of their host cells in order to hide from the immune system. Around a million new and unrecognizable surface proteins can be created in every infected human every two days.
What is the function of the merozoite form of Plasmodium falciparum?
The invasive form of malaria parasites is termed a merozoite and it employs an array of parasite proteins that bind to the host cell to mediate invasion.
What is Hypnozoite malaria?
Hypnozoites are dormant malaria parasites that can reactivate and cause relapses of malarial disease. It is caused in humans by the parasite species Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale, which can arrest growth at an early, asymptomatic stage as hypnozoites inside liver cells.
What is gametocytes in malaria?
Gametocytes are specialized sexual precursor cells that mediate the transmission of the malaria parasite from the mammalian host to the mosquito. Once these cells have gained maturity, they are picked up by an Anopheles mosquito during a blood meal.
What is infective stage of Plasmodium?
The human-infective stage are sporozoites from the salivary gland of a mosquito. The sporozoites grow and multiply in the liver to become merozoites. These merozoites invade the erythrocytes (RBCs) to form trophozoites, schizonts and gametocytes, during which the symptoms of malaria are produced.
What is infective stage of malarial parasite?
Sporozoites are the infective stage of malarial parasite (Plasmodium). When the female Anopheles mosquito bites a healthy person, the sporozoites are injected in his / her blood along with saliva.
How does malaria affect cells?
In humans, the parasites grow and multiply first in the liver cells and then in the red cells of the blood. In the blood, successive broods of parasites grow inside the red cells and destroy them, releasing daughter parasites (“merozoites”) that continue the cycle by invading other red cells.
What does MSP-1 stand for?
Merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1, also referred to as P195, PMMSA or MSA 1) is one of the most studied of all malaria proteins. The protein is found in all malaria species investigated and structural studies on the gene indicate that parts of the molecule are well-conserved.
What is the function of AAA protein MSP1?
“The AAA protein Msp1 mediates clearance of excess tail-anchored proteins from the peroxisomal membrane.” Cited for: FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, INTERACTION WITH PEX3, ACTIVITY REGULATION.
How does msp1/atad1 maintain mitochondrial function?
“Msp1/ATAD1 maintains mitochondrial function by facilitating the degradation of mislocalized tail-anchored proteins.” Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. “The conserved AAA-ATPase Msp1 confers organelle specificity to tail-anchored proteins.” Cited for: FUNCTION, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
What happens to MSP1 during invasion of the new red cell?
During invasion of the new red cell most of the MSP1 molecule is shed from the parasite surface except for a small C-terminal fragment which can be detected in ring stages. Analysis of the structure of this fragment suggests that it contains two growth factor-like domains that may have a functional role.